Breast Carcinoma
Introduction
Breast carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that originates in the breast tissue, primarily in the milk ducts (ductal carcinoma) or lobules (lobular carcinoma). It can be non-invasive (contained within the ducts/lobules) or invasive, spreading into surrounding breast tissue or beyond.
While breast carcinoma is most common in women, it can also affect men. Early detection and timely treatment significantly improve the prognosis and survival rate.
Types of Breast Carcinoma
There are several types of breast carcinoma, including:
- Ductal Carcinoma In-Situ (DCIS): Non-invasive, confined to the milk ducts.
- Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, starts in the ducts and spreads to surrounding tissues.
- Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Starts in lobules and may spread.
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer: A rare but aggressive form causing swelling and redness.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing breast carcinoma:
- Genetic mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2)
- Family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Prolonged estrogen exposure (early menstruation, late menopause, late pregnancy)
- Hormone replacement therapy (High estrogen levels)
- Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, lack of exercise
- Environmental exposure to radiation or toxins
- Age: Risk increases as you grow older
Symptoms
Breast cancer symptoms vary, but common signs include:
- A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm
- Change in size or shape of the breast
- Nipple discharge (especially bloody or clear)
- Nipple inversion
- Redness, scaling, or dimpling of breast skin
- Persistent pain or tenderness
Never neglect these symptoms, always consult specialist to detect cancer early.
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Diagnostic Procedures
Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Diagnostic methods include:
- Clinical breast examination: Thorough examination of both breasts and arm pits
- Mammogram and breast ultrasound: based on the age of the patient and density of the breast
- Breast MRI for detailed imaging, particularly in pregnant women and patients who had previous surgical history or breast implants in place.
- Core needle biopsy or fine-needle aspiration: for confirmation of the type of disease
- Hormone receptor testing and genetic profiling (if needed) – helps in planning the management
Treatment Options
Breast carcinoma treatment is tailored to each patient based on the type of cancer, stage of presentation, and overall health condition of the patient.
Options include:
Surgical Treatments:
- Lumpectomy/ Breast Conservative Surgery (BCS): Tumor removal along with normal breast tissue all around – ideal treatment of choice if it follows:
- Small Tumor : Breast ratio (small tumor size and good amount of breast tissue to preserve)
- Patient is not pregnant or lactating – contraindication for radiotherapy
- No history of previous radiation to chest wall
*Breast Conservative Surgery should be followed by radiation therapy and regular follow-up.
- Mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast and is followed by reconstruction (as per patient’s wish) – to maintain contour of the breast.
- Axillary lymph node dissection: to remove all the lymph nodes with cancer deposits in arm pits.
- Sentinel Lymph node biopsy: Done to check out the involvement of lymph nodes in arm pits (axilla) – this prevents unnecessary axillary dissection and prevents long term side effects like nerve injury (causing numbness) and restricted shoulder mobility/ swelling of the arm.
- Axillary dissection is carried out when sentinel lymph node biopsy is positive or lymph nodes are already involved (palpation or radiological finding)
Non-Surgical Treatments includes the following-
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Hormonal (endocrine) therapy
- Targeted therapy (HER2-positive tumors)
- Immunotherapy (in selected advanced cases)
When to start (before surgery or after surgery) and what non-surgical treatment to start depends on the type of cancer and stage of presentation.
We offer personalized, evidence-based care with a focus on long-term wellness.
Post-Treatment Care and Recovery
Recovery doesn’t stop after surgery or therapy. We support our patients with:
- Regular follow-ups and imaging
- Rehabilitation and physiotherapy
- Nutritional and emotional counselling
- Lifestyle guidance
Our team walks with you through every step—from diagnosis to full recovery.
When to See a Specialist
If you notice any lump, nipple discharge, or breast changes, do not delay evaluation. Early detection can save lives. Our skilled team is here to provide timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
Book Your Consultation Today
At “Vizag Surgicare” your health and well-being come first.
Call us or book an appointment online for expert evaluation, personalized treatment, and holistic breast care.
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Mobile No 2 : +91-9848638615
Mobile No 3 : +91-9849239213
our address
First Floor, Mohan Medical Shop, Seethammadhara (NE), Visakhapatnam-530013
email address
info@vizagsurgicare.com