Thyroid and Parathyroid Swelling
1. Thyroid Swelling
Introduction
Thyroid swelling is a common condition that affects many people worldwide. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck. It controls important body functions like energy levels, metabolism, and body temperature through hormone production. This swelling can be caused by various factors and may sometimes require surgical treatment. Our clinic specializes in diagnosing and treating thyroid swelling with personalized care and advanced surgical techniques.
What is Thyroid Swelling?
Thyroid swelling, also known as a Goiter, happens when the thyroid gland grows larger than normal. The thyroid produces hormones that control your metabolism, growth, and energy levels. Swelling can result from:
- Iodine deficiency (lack of iodine in diet)
- Autoimmune diseases like Graves’ disease (overactive thyroid) or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (underactive thyroid)
- Thyroid nodules (lumps that can be benign or cancerous)
- Other causes such as infections or cysts
Symptoms of Thyroid Swelling
People with thyroid swelling may notice:
- A visible swelling at the front of the neck
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing if the swelling is large
- Hoarseness or voice changes
- Symptoms related to thyroid hormone imbalance such as weight changes, fatigue, or anxiety.
Diagnosis: How We Evaluate Thyroid Swelling
To understand the cause and severity of thyroid swelling, several diagnostic tools are used:
- Physical examination of the neck
- Blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels
- Ultrasound imaging (USG) to see the size and nature of the swelling and nodules
- Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) to collect cells from the thyroid for analysis, helping to distinguish benign from malignant (cancerous) nodules
These tests help us create an accurate diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.
Treatment Options for Thyroid Swelling
Treatment depends on the cause and size of the swelling:
- Medication: Thyroid supplementation or thyroid production inhibition drugs are used based on the levels of thyroid hormones.
- Radioactive iodine therapy: To shrink an overactive thyroid gland.
- Surgery: Recommended if the swelling not responding to medical management, causes breathing or swallowing problems, if cancer is suspected, or if nodules are large or growing
- Thyroidectomy: Traditional surgery with a small neck incision. It can be total (removal of entire gland) or can be hemithyroidectomy (removal of half of the gland) based on the disease variety and amount of involvement of the gland.
- Minimally invasive surgeries: Endoscopic techniques can also be tried.
Post operative Recovery
- Care for proper healing of the surgery site.
- Post operative monitoring to look for any nerve injury or calcium deficiency.
- Thyroid hormone replacement or calcium supplementation when required.
Conclusion
If you experience any swelling in front of neck, consult our expert team at “Vizag Surgicare” and get personalised care as per your condition.
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2. Parathyroid Swelling
Introduction
The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands located behind the thyroid in your neck. They control the body’s calcium levels by producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which are essential for healthy bones, muscles, and nerves. When one or more of these glands become enlarged or overactive, it can lead to swelling in neck region and other symptoms that may require surgical treatment.
Common Parathyroid Problems
- Hyperparathyroidism
- The most common parathyroid disorder
- Caused by overactive parathyroid glands
- Leads to high calcium levels in the blood
- Parathyroid Adenoma
- A benign tumor in one of the parathyroid glands
- Often the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
- Parathyroid Hyperplasia
- All four glands become enlarged and overactive
- Parathyroid Cancer (Rare)
- Very uncommon, but requires surgical treatment
Symptoms of Parathyroid Swelling
Common signs and symptoms include:
- Lump or swelling in the neck (sometimes visible)
- Bone pain or fractures
- Frequent kidney stones
- Fatigue and weakness
- Abdominal pain or digestive issues
- Mood changes or confusion
Diagnosis
- Physical examination to check for neck swelling or tenderness
- Blood tests to measure calcium and parathyroid hormone levels
- Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT or Sestamibi parathyroid scan (nuclear scan) to locate enlarged glands
These tests help us identify which glands are affected and guide treatment planning.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the severity and type of disease:
- Surgery: Surgical excision (Parathyroidectomy) is the primary and effective treatment of any parathyroid swelling.
- Medical management: Conservative management is tried only in hyperparathyroidism (increased activity) secondary to chronic kidney disease by maintaining calcium and Vitamin D levels.
Conclusion
If you notice swelling in your neck or have symptoms related to parathyroid problems, contact our clinic “Vizag Surgicare” for expert evaluation and treatment. Early diagnosis and surgery can improve your health and prevent complications like bone loss and kidney stones.
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